Basic Functions

Identify the Input Device - Input devices let you put information into the computer.






 

Identify the Processing Devices - Processors receive input from a device and "process" the information for use.

Identify the Storage Devices - Once the processor finishes, the computer can store the device for temporary or permanent use.

Identify the Output Devices - The processed or stored information can be sent back to the user.
Which Devices can be both Input and Output?

Which software is the Program?  Which software is the Operating System?




 
Digital vs. Analog

Wrist Watches - Watches come in both digital and analog style.  Both still time but do it differently.
Can you tell the difference?
Can you name the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Blank Media - Recording sound is something everyone has done at one time.  We can also record video using both digital and analog.
Can you tell the difference?
Can you name the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Which would you prefer?

Phones - Phones let us communicate from one person to another.  The way we humans communicate is analog, but phones translate the information in two ways.
Can you tell the difference?
Can you name the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Analog vs. Digital - Sometimes you can tell if an object is digital or analog just by looking at it.  But the true way to tell is how the information is processed.  Analog can be expressed as a "wave" signal since it can always change.   Digital means it can only be "on" or "off"; or binary. 

Traffic Light - Traffic lights are perfect examples of explaining digital vs. analog.
How many ways can you express the difference?

Color - In another attempt to show the difference between digital and analog, color can be used.
Of the two spectrums, which is which and why?
Binary

Name

Size
Bit one binary digit (0 or 1)
Byte (B) 8 bits - 11111111

Kilo (KB)

2^10 = 1,024

Mega (MB)

2^20 = 1,048,576

Giga (GB)

2^30 = 1,073,741,824

Tera (TB)

2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776

Peta (PB)

2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624

Exa (EB)

2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976

Zetta (ZB)

2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424

Yotta (YB)

2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176

Typical Expressions
Floppy ?
CDROM ?
DVD ?
HardDrive ?
Memory ?
CPU ?

A bit is one binary digit

a bit is either 0 or 1

0 or 1 can also be expressed as:

0=off or close

1=on or open

 

Decimal Binary
0 0
1 1
2 10
3 11
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010

 
Converting Decimal to Binary - There are many ways to convert from binary to decimal and back.  Of course we need to do it practice so we can better understand the sheer numbers that a computer has to deal with.

1. First we take our decimal number, 50


2. We setup our base two formula up to the number of binary digits:

32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1

3. We then do the math, we asked if the number from our formula can be removed from the decimal number (50), if yes we subtract and add a 1 value to the base two number; if no we just add a zero:

50 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1
can minus 32 from 50 = 18 1                                  
can minus 16 from 18 = 2                 1                                 
cannot minus 8 from 2               0                
cannot minus 4 from 2            0
can minus 2 from 2 = 0                        1
cannot minus 1 from 0                                    0

 4.  Our answer is = 110010

 Converting Binary to Decimal

1. First we take our decimal number, 110010


2. We setup our base two formula up to the number of binary digits and insert our binary number:

32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1

32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 0

4. Add the 1 values to get your answer:

32 + 16 + 2 = 50
Binary vs. Decimal Measurement - When buying products or checking their size value, you will notice that the true size is different than the "retail" size.
This is a screenshot of a main hard drives properties, what things can you point out?