Electricity

Current

  • Abbreviated "I"

  • Measured in amps

  • Amps abbreviated is "A"

Voltage

  • Abbreviated "V"

  • Measured in volts

  • Volts abbreviated as "V"

Watts - How do you compute the number of watts? Easy, just multiply the number of volts times the number of amps, and that's the number of watts.

Here' s an example: you plug a lamp into the 12-volt line in your wall, and it draws 1 amp of current through the light bulb. How many watts does it use?

120(volts) x 1(amp) = 120(watts)

That's right, it's a 120-watt bulb. If you replaced it with a 60-watt bulb, that one would use only 1/2 an amp.

120(volts) x 1/2(amp) = 60(watts)

Circuit

  • Open circuit - electricity flowing

  • Closed circuit - electricity not flowing

Electricity flows readily in some materials but not in others.  Some conduct electricity readily; they are of course called conductors. Typical good electrical conductors include copper, aluminum, gold and other metals, and water.  Materials that do not conduct electricity are called insulators. Common insulators include wood, glass, plastic, and air. 

However, any substance, even one that normally insulates so well as to stop the flow of electricity, will conduct electricity if the charge is strong enough-even the air.
What material conducts electricity in the air?
Why is jewelry an important factor concerning a circuit?
What would happen if a screw fell on a powered computer?

Direct current
  • Abbreviated "DC"
  • Produced by batteries, static, and lightning.
  • Specific, constant voltage
  • Usually a portable or battery-powered device
  • DC circuits are relatively low in voltage

What current does a PC use?
What are some devices that use DC for power?

Alternating current
  • Abbreviated "AC"
  • produced by power companies
  • fluctuating power (low to high then high to low)
  • Power usually comes from a socket
  • Can change voltage using a transformer
  • Can generate extremely high voltages

What is the standard voltage for a AC socket?